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Microevolution is simply a change in gene frequency within a population. Evolution at this scale can be observed over short periods of time.  A change might come about because natural selection favored the gene, because the population received new immigrants carrying the gene, because some nonresistant genes mutated to the resistant version, or because of random genetic drift from one generation to the next. three ways that variation can occur are mutations, selection, and migration.

blog 4

Directional selection is a pathway of natural selection where uncommon phenotype is selected over more common phenotype. Stabilizing is the most common mechanism of action for natural selection. Disruptive selection descirbes change in population genetics in which extreme values of a trait are favored.